In this article, the review of literature suggests that oral vancomycin might indeed be an effective substitute in patients in whom the uptake of biologic agents may be challenging owing to their already immunosuppressed status.Vitamin A (VA) is an essential nutrient often lacking in the diets of people in developing countries. Accurate biomarkers of VA status are vital to inform public health policy and monitor interventions. The relative dose-response (RDR) and modified-RDR (MRDR) tests are semi-quantitative screening tests for VA deficiency that have been used in Demographic and Health Surveys and VA intervention studies. A systematic review and meta-analysis of sensitivity and specificity were conducted to summarize the physiological evidence to support the RDR tests as methods to assess VA status and investigate the impact of different pathological and physiological states on the tests. A total of 190 studies were screened for inclusion, with 21 studies comparing the RDR tests with the gold-standard biomarker, liver VA concentration (68% and 80% sensitivity and 85% and 69% specificity for the RDR and MRDR, respectively). Nearly all studies with VA interventions in VA-deficient populations demonstrated a response of the tests to VA intake that would be expected to improve VA status. The impacts of chronic liver disease, protein malnutrition, age, pregnancy and lactation, infection and inflammation, and various other conditions were examined in 51 studies. The RDR and MRDR tests were reported to have been used in 39 observational studies, and the MRDR has been used in at least 6 national micronutrient surveys. The RDR and MRDR are sensitive tests for determining population VA status and assessing VA interventions. Although they are robust to most physiological and pathological states, caution may be warranted when using the tests in neonates, individuals with chronic liver disease, and those with protein or iron malnutrition. Research on further improvements to the tests to increase accessibility, such as sampling breast milk instead of blood or using intramuscular doses in subjects with malabsorption, will allow wider adoption. This review was registered with PROSPERO as CRD42019124180.The incidence of postoperative morbidity and mortality are higher in patients with preoperative malnutrition in esophageal cancer patients. Oral intake tends to decrease during preoperative chemotherapy, and nutritional status is likely to worsen. When nutrition intake decreases, catabolism increases and muscle mass can decrease. It has been reported that related to preoperative sarcopenia and the onset and prognosis of postoperative complications. It has been reported to be associated with preoperative sarcopenia and the incident of postoperative complications and prognosis. Early nutritional assessment and interventions should improve nutritional status before surgery. Amino acid intake and exercise therapy improve exercise capacity such as walking. It is expected that a synergistic effect on the improvement of long-term prognosis by nutrition therapy and exercise therapy. Our hospital has introduced a enhanced preoperative nutrition rehabilitation program for undernourished patients. Deferoxamine datasheet Immuno-nutrition therapy, exercise therapy, and postexercise branched-chain amino acid preparations are administered. During surgery for such malnourished patient, it is necessary to minimize the surgical invasion and to avoid complications. It is important to have continuous nutritional evaluation, intervention and rehabilitation by various occupations from the initial diagnosis to the perioperative period as well as during outpatient follow-up after discharge. Coma is the most serious disturbance of consciousness, which affects the life quality of patients and increases the burden of their family. Studies to assess the prognostic value of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in patients with coma have not led to precise, generally accepted prognostic rules. The study aims to assess the correlation between NSE and prognosis of coma and the predictive value of NSE for clinical prognosis. A search was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and WanFang Data from the establishment time of databases to December 2019. This analysis included patients with coma, regardless of how long the coma was. In total, 26 articles were retrieved and included in the review. The meta-analysis revealed the NSE concentration of patients with coma is significantly higher than that of the control group (standard mean difference = 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.63-1.12, p < 0.05). The pooled sensitivity and specificity of NSE in coma diagnosis was 0.5 (95% CI 0.39-0.61) and 0.86 (95% CI 0.71-0.94). The NSE concentration of patients with poor coma prognosis is significantly higher than that of the control group. The high NSE concentration is not necessarily a poor prognosis for coma, but low NSE concentration indicates a high probability of a good prognosis for coma.The NSE concentration of patients with poor coma prognosis is significantly higher than that of the control group. The high NSE concentration is not necessarily a poor prognosis for coma, but low NSE concentration indicates a high probability of a good prognosis for coma.A 32-year-old woman underwent a medical termination in the second trimester of a spontaneously conceived triploid pregnancy after developing early-onset preeclampsia with subsequent haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count (HELLP) syndrome. Placental histology was normal (non-molar) and unusually, she developed ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) 4 weeks later. She was managed conservatively following multidisciplinary team input to exclude malignant pathology. The rarity of late-onset spontaneous OHSS could have resulted in inappropriate surgical management. In the absence of supportive treatment there is also a risk of the condition progressing to a critical stage. Follow-up ultrasonography after termination of pregnancy should be considered for women with evidence of ovarian hyperstimulation, particularly if other risk factors for OHSS are present. Delayed-onset OHSS should be considered in women presenting with bilateral cystic ovarian enlargement after triploid pregnancy.