Moreover, there was no significant difference in the frequency of severe COVID-19 infection between ABO blood types (O 50%, A 53%, B 56%, AB 57%; P=0.93), or any additional outcomes including in-hospital mortality rate (P=0.72), need for ICU admission (P=0.66), ICU free days at day 28 (P=0.51), hospital free days at day 28 (P=0.43), or need for acute renal replacement therapy (P=0.09). We did not find an increased susceptibility of any blood type to COVID-19 infection, nor was there an increased risk of severe COVID-19 infection in any ABO blood types.We did not find an increased susceptibility of any blood type to COVID-19 infection, nor was there an increased risk of severe COVID-19 infection in any ABO blood types.Healthcare workers (HCWs) due to their job profile are at utmost risk of contracting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. YK-4-279 cell line Serological survey is an useful tool for vulnerability mapping in an infectious disease pandemic. The aim of the current study was to assess seroprevalence of IgG against SARS-CoV-2 and its determinants among HCWs of a tertiary healthcare facility of India. It was an observational study, cross-sectional in design conducted among 919 HCWs of All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India during September, 2020. In results, IgG seroprevalence for SARS-CoV-2 among the study subjects was 13.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) 11.2-15.6%]. In univariate logistic regression analysis; gender, occupation, place of posting, use of full personal protective equipment (PPE), prior corona virus disease (COVID)-19 infection, influenza like illness (ILI), use of steam inhalation, consumption of azithromycin, zinc and vitamin C were the significant attributes which affected the IgG seropositivity for SARS-CoV-2. In the multivariable logistic regression model; occupation, place of posting, prior COVID-19 infection and ILI were significant determinants of IgG seropositivity for SARS-CoV-2. To conclude, majority of the HCWs were found to be IgG seronegative for SARS-CoV-2. Till availability of effective vaccine all of the HCWs should abide by infection prevention and control (IPC) measures to keep themselves and their contacts protected from SARS-CoV-2.The progress in the field of personalized therapy has been the backbone for the improved mortality and morbidity figure in cancer especially with reference to acute leukemia. The same has been supported by evolving research and development in the field of genomics. The newer discoveries of mutations and the account of already discovered mutations have been playing a pivotal role to refine management strategy. Here, in this review, we are giving an account of relevant mutations and their potential role in the pathogenesis of acute leukemia. The article discusses the old and newly discovered mutations in acute myeloid/lymphoblastic leukemia. The various pathways and cross-talks between the mutations have been briefly described to develop insight towards their contributory and consequent role in the neoplastic process. The article is to sensitize the students, clinicians, and researchers towards the recent updates and development in genomics of acute leukemia.Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is a rare pediatric myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm overlap disease. JMML is associated with mutations in the RAS pathway genes resulting in the myeloid progenitors being sensitive to granulocyte monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Karyotype abnormalities and additional epigenetic alterations can also be found in JMML. Neurofibromatosis and Noonan's syndrome have a predisposition for JMML. In a few patients, the RAS genes (NRAS, KRAS, and PTPN11) are mutated at the germline and this usually results in a transient myeloproliferative disorder with a good prognosis. JMML with somatic RAS mutation behaves aggressively. JMML presents with cytopenias and leukemic infiltration into organs. The laboratory findings include hyperleukocytosis, monocytosis, increased hemoglobin-F levels, and circulating myeloid precursors. The blast cells in the peripheral blood/bone-marrow aspirate are less than 20% and the absence of the BCR-ABL translocation helps to differentiate from chronic myeloid leukemia. JMML should be differentiated from immunodeficiencies, viral infections, intrauterine infections, hemophagolymphohistiocytosis, other myeloproliferative disorders, and leukemias. Chemotherapy is employed as a bridge to HSCT, except in few with less aggressive disease, in which chemotherapy alone can result in long term remission. Azacitidine has shown promise as a single agent to stabilize the disease. The prognosis of JMML is poor with about 50% of patients surviving after an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Allogeneic HSCT is the only known cure for JMML to date. Myeloablative conditioning is most commonly used with graft versus host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis tailored to the aggressiveness of the disease. Relapses are common even after HSCT and a second HSCT can salvage a third of these patients. Novel options in the treatment of JMML e.g., hypomethylating agents, MEK inhibitors, JAK inhibitors, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, etc. are being explored.High-grade gliomas have a diffuse and infiltrative nature of the growth of tumor cells, due to which the achievement of radical resection is difficult. Surgical resection completeness of brain tumors is an important factor in prolonging the life of patients. An accurate definition of tumor boundaries and residual fluorescent regions is impossible due to imperfections of the equipment used for fluorescent imaging. 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a precursor of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in humans and is clinically used to detect and treat tumors. Currently, fluorescence-guided surgery with PpIX used a surgical microscope with an excitation wavelength in the blue spectrum range. Because of its low ability to penetrate into biological tissue, blue light is ineffective for providing high-quality fluorescent navigation. Also, when performing an operation using radiation in the blue spectrum range, the photosensitizer's surface layer (PS) often bleaches out, which leads to frequent errors. The use of red light emission makes it possible to slow down the PS bleaches out due to the absorption properties of PpIX, but this task is technically more complicated and requires highly sensitive cameras and specialized optical filters.