AIM This study aimed to investigate the survival and prognostic factors for anaplastic glioma, and whether the updated 2016 WHO classification had superior ability to predict survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between January 2001 and December 2013, 113 consecutive patients were diagnosed with anaplastic glioma based on the 2007 WHO classification. We re-classified their diagnoses in accordance with the 2016 WHO classification. The Kaplan-Meier method, multivariate Cox proportional regression analysis, and a time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve were used for the analysis. RESULTS The median overall survival was 48.4 months among all patients, and 21.5 months for the promoter methylation status, deep tumor location, and resection extent were associated with overall survival and progression-free survival. CONCLUSION We found that the 2016 WHO classification of central nervous system tumors had superior ability to predict survival in cases of anaplastic glioma, as compared to the 2007 WHO classification.
.Hemocoagulase is often used for hemostasis in patients with bleeding and hemorrhagic diseases, and to avoid or stanch bleeding after surgery. Herein, three patients with hepatic diseases suffering from hypofibrinogenemia were treated with hemocoagulase agkistrodon (HCA) in Peking University People's Hospital during September 2018. All the 3 patients were chronic hepatitis B patients Patient 1 presented with hepatic carcinoma and chronic hepatitis B, and right hepatectomy was performed; patient 2 presented with chronic hepatitis B and gastrointestinal bleeding; patient 3 presented with chronic hepatitis B, acute liver failure with hematemesis, and was awaiting liver transplantation. All three patients were percutaneously injected with HCA to prevent late-onset bleeding. After HCA was discontinued, coagulation was restored to > 60 mg/dL on day 6, without injection of fibrinogen. HCA significantly reduced the need for fibrinogen in patients with hepatic diseases, and the level of fibrinogen should be carefully monitored in clinical applications.
.OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM) and disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS In this study, concentrations of serum AIM in 110 RA patients, 38 patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and 50 sex- and age-matched control subjects were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Serum AIM concentrations in RA patients were dramatically higher than those from patients with OA or healthy controls. The levels of synovial fluid AIM displayed a significant increase as compared with OA patients. More importantly, AIM levels were significantly correlated with RA disease activity features such as ESR, CRP and DAS28. The predictive value of AIM on high disease activity was superior to those of CRP and ESR. A noteworthy correlation in our study was observed between the serum AIM levels and laboratory parameters, particularly serum lipids. Furthermore, serum AIM levels could be significantly down-regulated after effective integrative treatment. CONCLUSIONS AIM may serve as a novel sensitive biomarker to assist disease activity assessment and monitor therapeutic effects in active RA patients.Background The presence of corruption in State institutions and broader society presents a significant obstacle to the right to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health. The Universal Periodic Review, a Member State-led peer review system administered by the Human Rights Council, is a core tool of human rights, including the right to health accountability. This paper builds on existing research to examine processes that support State engagement on the issue of corruption. We identify opportunities for States to use the Universal Periodic Review to support anti-corruption, transparency and accountability to control corruption in the health-care sector.Objectives This paper focuses on health sector how human rights mechanisms, and particularly the Universal Periodic Review, can be a tool for greater accountability for the right to health for corruption in the health sector.Methods The research team applied qualitative content analysis methods to analyze all 135 Universal Periodic Review documents produced during 2018 in order to analyze how human rights mechanisms address the impact of corruption on the realization of the right to health.Results Although health rights violations are often addressed within human rights mechanisms such as the UPR, corruption remains under-addressed, suggesting that there are gaps in understanding how corruption can seriously undermine the right to health.Conclusion Human rights mechanisms should drive greater attention to the importance of addressing corruption in health. In order to make the UPR more effective, this paper suggests that there is a need to generate more awareness of corruption-based violations of the right to health in order to promote greater health accountabilityPractical tools such as strategic litigation and social audits can also contribute to creating greater transparency and accountability in dealing with corruption.Background The Arab states suffer from high levels of corruption. NSC 23766 supplier The UNDP's team there developed an approach to tackle corruption and enhance transparency and accountability in healthcare as part of its broader efforts to support the Sustainable Development Goals. This work evolved into a proper tool, the Conceptual Framework for Corruption Risk Assessment at Sectoral Level (hereafter 'Framework'), with implementation guides that enable tailoring to sector and country context.Objectives This article documents the development of the Framework, its methodology and observed added value.Methods Qualitative methods were utilized comprising desk research, field experience, stakeholder outreach, and focus group observation and documentation. It was most appropriate because the objective was to develop a methodology with specific characteristics.Results The new approach uses anti-corruption as an explicit entry point to governance reforms. It articulates a structured evidence-based method to apply risk management methodology - tailored to the specificities of corruption as a risk - in healthcare whereby assessment and mitigation are (a) within institutions (b) focused on decision points and (c) around transactions while bringing together health and anti-corruption communities towards designing measurable results-oriented reforms.