In this brief review, a general overview of the use of epigenetic information and mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci was summarized, both in genes of parasites and hosts, for understanding the mechanisms of resistance and/or susceptibility in parasitic relationships; also, the main search platforms were quantitatively compared, aiming to facilitate access data produced over a period of twenty years.Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is considered a serious malignancy which affects a large number of people worldwide. Despite the presence of some diagnostic techniques for HCC, the fact that its symptoms somehow overlap with other diseases causes it to be diagnosed at a late stage, hence negatively affecting the prognosis of the disease. The currently available treatment strategies have many shortcomings such as high cost, induction of serious side effects as well as multiple drug resistance, hence resulting in therapeutic failure. Accordingly, nanoformulations have been developed in order to overcome the clinical challenges, enhance the therapeutic efficacy, and elicit chemotherapy tailor-ability. Hybrid nanoparticulate carriers in particular, which are composed of two or more drug vehicles with different physicochemical characteristics combined together in one system, have been recently reported to advance nanotechnology-based therapies. Therefore, this review sheds the light on HCC, and the role of nanotechnology and hybrid nanoparticulate carriers as well as the latest developments in the use of conventional nanoparticles in combating this disease. Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees, a traditional Chinese herb, has been widely used in various Asian countries as a treatment for upper respiratory tract infections for centuries. Continuous inhalation of fine particulate matter (PM ) may induce various respiratory diseases. This study elucidated the protective effect of the effective part of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees (AEP) against PM -induced lung injury and detailed the underlying mechanism. Male Wistar rats were orally administered 0.5% sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na), andrographolide (AG) (200mg/kg) and AEP (100mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg) once a day for 28 days. The rats were intratracheally instilled with PM suspension (8mg/kg) every other day beginning on the 24th day for a total of 3 times. On the 29th day, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected to analyze the levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), total proteins (TP), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) andinduced pathological damage and decrease the TP level in the BALF. AEP could be used to improve PM -induced lung injury by modulating the NF-κB pathway, and multicomponent therapy with traditional Chinese medicine may be more effective than single-drug therapy.AEP could be used to improve PM2.5-induced lung injury by modulating the NF-κB pathway, and multicomponent therapy with traditional Chinese medicine may be more effective than single-drug therapy. The antitumor effects of Grifola frondosa/maitake polysaccharide (GFP) have been reported in many preclinical studies, especially in vivo experiments. The present meta-analysis aimed to provide an in vivo evidence and theoretical basis for future clinical trials by assessing the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of GFP in tumor treatment. English and Chinese databases were examined to include animal experiments to study the antitumor activity of GFP. Literature screening, data extraction, and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. In addition, the Systematic Review Center for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) risk of bias (RoB) tool was used to assess the risk of bias of the included animal studies. Potentially relevant studies (442) were identified, and finally 24 eligible studies (all in English) were included. The meta-analysis revealed that GFP has significant effects in inhibiting tumor growthCRD42018108897).The review protocol for this study was registered with the PROSPERO database before beginning the review process (CRD42018108897). The idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (PM) has attracted great interest, and tetrahydroxy stilbene glucoside (TSG) was the main idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity constituent, but biological detoxification on idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity of PM was not well investigated. This study aimed to illustrate biological detoxification mechanism on PM-induced idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity by Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum). G. DS-3201 EZH1 inhibitor lucidum was used for biological detoxification of tetrahydroxy stilbene glucoside (TSG)-induced idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity of PM. The TSG consumption and products formation were dynamically determined during transformation using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode-array detection and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MSn). The transformation invertases (β-D-glucosidase and lignin peroxidase) were evaluated by using intracellular and extracellular distribution and activity assay. The key functions of lignin peroxidase (LiP) were studied by experiments of adding inhibitors and agonists. The entire TSG transformation process was confirmed in vitro simulated test. The cellular toxicity of TSG and the transformation products was detected by MTT. A suitable biotransformation system of TSG was established with G. lucidum, then p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 2,3,5-trihydroxybenzaldehyde can be found as transformation products of TSG. The transformation mechanism involves two extracellular enzymes, β-D-glucosidase and LiP. β-D-glucosidase can remove glycosylation of TSG firstly and then LiP can break the double bond of remaining glycosides. The toxicity of TSG after biotransformation by G. lucidum was attenuated. This study would reveal a novel biological detoxification method for PM and explain degradation processes of TSG by enzymic methods.This study would reveal a novel biological detoxification method for PM and explain degradation processes of TSG by enzymic methods.