0) and mean dysphagia score was 2.7 (SD 0.5). Average procedure time was 13.8 minutes (SD 5.1). No intra- or post- procedural adverse events occurred. Septal myotomy was successfully completed in all patients. Dysphagia significantly improved in 19 out of 20 patients. Dakkak - Bennett score improved to 0.3 (SD 0.5), P  less then  0.0001). No recurrences were reported in a mean follow-up time of 12.0 months (SD 3.7, range 6 - 20). CONCLUSIONS  POES may be considered as a potential alternative for the treatment of short-septum Zenker's diverticulum. Further data are required to validate this technique and compare it with already available rigid and flexible approaches. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.BACKGROUND Pediatric head trauma is the most common presentation to emergency departments. Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) may lead to secondary brain damage in head trauma and early diagnosis of increased ICP is very important. Measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) is a method that can be used for determining increased ICP. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) and Rotterdam computer tomography scores (RCTS) in pediatric patients for severe head trauma. METHODS During January 2017-April 2018, medical records and imaging findings of children aged 0-18 years who underwent computed tomography (CT) imaging for head trauma (n=401) and non-traumatic (convulsions, respiratory disorders, headache) (n=255) complaints, totally 656 patient were evaluated retrospectively. Patients' age, sex, presentation and trauma type (high energy-low energy) were identified. Non-traumatic patients with normal cranial CT findings were considered as the control group. CT findings of traumatic brain injury were scored according to Rotterdam criteria. learn more Patients were divided into groups according to their age as follows 0-3 years, 3-6 years, 6-12 years and 12-18 years. RESULTS In our study, tomographic reference measurements of the ONSD in pediatric cases were presented according to age. There was a statistically significant difference between ONSD of severe traumatic patients and the control group. Correlation between RCTS and ONSD was determined and age-specific cut-off values of ONSD for severe traumatic scores (score 4-5-6) were presented. CONCLUSION In our study, reference ONSDs of the pediatric population for CT imaging was indicated. Our study also showed that ONSD measurement is a parameter that can be used in addition to the RCTS to determine the prognosis of the patient in severe head trauma, by reflecting increased intracranial pressure.BACKGROUND Intramedullary nailing (IMN) technique is the gold standard for the treatment of closed fractures of the lower extremity long bones. For orthopedic surgeons, one of the most important problems in IMN procedures is the fixation of distal locking screws (DLS). Accurate and rapid placement of DLSs with minimal radiation exposure is crucial. In this study, we aimed to compare the results of two different distal locking methods concerning surgery duration and radiation exposure in patients who underwent osteosynthesis of tibia fractures with IMN. METHODS In this prospective study, the results of 56 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria from 72 patients were evaluated. Patients were divided into two groups according to the distal screwing method. Group 1 (n=29) comprised patients who used free-hand technique (FHT) for distal locking, while Group 2 (n=27) consisted of patients who used electromagnetic guidance system (EMGS) for distal locking. Demographic and medical data of the patients, irst attempt in three cases in Group-1 and in two cases in Group-2. Aseptic nonunion was observed in one patient in both groups. CONCLUSION Both the FHT distal screwing technique and the EMGS distal screwing technique are highly effective methods for distal locking. The duration of operation, the duration of the fluoroscopy and radiation exposure were similar. FHT can be preferred for distal locking in conventional intramedullary nail applications, as it is effective, easy and inexpensive.BACKGROUND This study aims to evaluate the surgical approaches, complications, clinical and radiological findings in acetabular fractures treated with surgical methods and to determine the parameters affecting prognosis. METHODS Out of 144 patients undergone surgical treatment with the diagnosis of displaced acetabular fractures between 1994 and 2014, a total of 103 patients with 75 male and 28 female with a mean age of 36.3 years (range 19-67 years) whom clinical and radiologic follow-ups (mean 34 months, range 2-8 years) were performed at least for two years were included in this study. RESULTS Clinically excellent to good outcomes were obtained in 64% of the patients and moderate to poor outcomes were recorded in 36% of the patients, while radiologically excellent to good outcomes were achieved in 57.3%of the patients and moderate to poor outcomes were recorded in 42.7% of the patients. Presence of one of the complications, creating mechanical block (chi-square p less then 0.001), complex fractures (chi-square p=0.023), increased duration between trauma and operation (p=0.039), operational time taking longer than six hours (chi-square p less then 0.001), more than 3 mm intra-articular step (Fisher's p=0.033), avascular necrosis (p less then 0.001), arthritis (p=0.006) and heterotopic ossification (p=0.007) worsened the clinical outcomes (chi-square p less then 0.001). The age of the patient was not effective on the clinical outcome (p=0.461). CONCLUSION It was found that three major parameters affecting the prognosis of acetabular fractures are as follows type of fracture, operational time and reduction quality. The duration between trauma and operation indirectly affects the outcomes. Avascular necrosis, heterotopic ossification and arthritis may cause negative effects only on long term outcomes.BACKGROUND Despite the development of clinical, laboratory, and imaging methods, the diagnosis of acute appendicitis is not always easy, and negative appendectomy rates are still high. This study aims to reveal the effects of different scoring systems on the diagnostic accuracy of acute appendicitis and negative appendectomy rates, alone or when evaluated together with ultrasonography. METHODS In this study, 202 consecutive patients who underwent emergency appendectomy for acute appendicitis were included. Clinical scores of all patients were preoperatively calculated using Ohmann, Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Appendicitis (RIPASA), Lintula, Eskelinen, and Alvarado scoring systems. Abdominal ultrasonography (USG) was performed randomly in all cases. The sensitivity and specificity of scoring systems were calculated according to the threshold values. The area under the curve (AUC) was calculated using ROC analysis. In the regression model, histological diagnosis of appendicitis was used as the dependent variable, while scoring systems and USG were preferred as independent variables.